Atomic structure through thermodynamics, with the quantitative reasoning and particle-level explanations the free response requires.
Atomic Structure and Properties
Electrons, spectra, and periodic trends.
Molecular Structure and Properties
Lewis structures, geometry, and the forces between molecules.
Chemical Reactions
Stoichiometry and reaction types.
Kinetics
Reaction rates and mechanisms.
Thermochemistry
Heat, enthalpy, and calorimetry.
Equilibrium
Reversible reactions and how systems respond to stress.
Acids and Bases
pH, titrations, and buffers.
Thermodynamics
Enthalpy, entropy, and whether a reaction happens on its own.
Electrochemistry
Galvanic and electrolytic cells.